How and why to inhibit protein biosynthesis in own cells?
The fact is that often during cancer transformation or viral infection, ribosomes begin to “play along” with the enemy, shifting translation towards “unwanted” mRNAs. For example, viruses can use many interesting mechanisms to tweak the scales in their favor to modify cellular translation. Thus, drugs that inhibit protein biosynthesis can inhibit the growth of out-of-control cells much more than “law-abiding” ones. This is their property and is used in therapy.
Antibiotics are typical inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis. For eukaryotes, these are usually the antineoplastic drugs used for chemotherapy: azidothymidine, lamivudine, puromycin
Btw it is classical way in drug design - "ligand-target interaction"